diff --git a/docker-compose_testing.yml b/docker-compose_testing.yml
index fb183d5..02444c3 100644
--- a/docker-compose_testing.yml
+++ b/docker-compose_testing.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ services:
   # main flask site
   tubearchivist:
     container_name: tubearchivist
-    build: ./tubearchivist/web
+    build:
+      context: ./tubearchivist/web
+      args:
+        - INSTALL_DEBUG=1
     restart: always
     volumes:
       - ./volume/tubearchivist/data:/data
diff --git a/tubearchivist/web/Dockerfile b/tubearchivist/web/Dockerfile
index b9919da..2240566 100644
--- a/tubearchivist/web/Dockerfile
+++ b/tubearchivist/web/Dockerfile
@@ -1,12 +1,26 @@
-FROM python:3.10.8-slim-bullseye
+# builder
+FROM python:3.10.8-slim-bullseye as builder
 
-RUN apt-get clean && apt-get -y update && \
-    apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends \
-    build-essential libpq-dev vim htop bmon net-tools iputils-ping procps
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential
 
-ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH
 COPY requirements.txt /requirements.txt
-RUN pip install --upgrade pip && pip install --user -r requirements.txt
+RUN pip install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+# final
+FROM python:3.10.8-slim-bullseye as tubearchivist-web
+
+ARG INSTALL_DEBUG
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
+
+COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local
+ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH
+
+RUN if [ "$INSTALL_DEBUG" ] ; then \
+        apt-get -y update && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends \
+        vim htop bmon net-tools iputils-ping procps \
+        && pip install --user ipython \
+    ; fi
 
 RUN mkdir /data
 
diff --git a/tubearchivist/web/requirements.txt b/tubearchivist/web/requirements.txt
index 27ad8e8..a229d38 100644
--- a/tubearchivist/web/requirements.txt
+++ b/tubearchivist/web/requirements.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 APScheduler==3.9.1.post1
 beautifulsoup4==4.11.1
 flask==2.2.2
-ipython==8.7.0
 markdown==3.4.1
-psycopg2==2.9.5
+psycopg2-binary==2.9.5
 redis==4.4.0
 requests==2.28.1
 uWSGI==2.0.21